The effectiveness of ‘virtual fish’ in establishing the toxicity and concentration of man-made chemicals is to be investigated by biological scientists at the University in collaboration with multinational pharmaceutical company, AstraZeneca.
The University has previously perfected the technique of coaxing cells from the liver of rainbow trout and then manipulating them to form a three-dimensional spheroid. This ball of cells behaves much more like normal animal tissue than cells grown in traditional ways in the lab and so can give researchers a more accurate picture of how an animal’s body would respond to a chemical in the environment.
Now, using a grant approximately £600,000 - from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) and AstraZeneca - they plan to further develop the technique with cells from the gills and gut of fish in a move which has the potential to reduce the number of live animals required for scientific research.
PhD student Matthew Baron developed the model as part of a collaborative project, led by Professor Awadhesh Jha, with Professors Wendy Purcell and Simon Jackson, at the University and Dr Stewart Owen at AstraZeneca.
Professor Jha, Professor of Genetic Toxicology & Ecotoxicology in the University’s School of Biological Sciences, said:
“Traditionally, fundamental life processes are studied at whole organism level but for ethical and legal reasons, there has been much emphasis on the use of cells, tissues and organs grown outside the body. The use of cell or tissue-based models has been proposed for fish studies, however it is not clear how well these models could predict the responses seen using whole animals. This project will provide a unique understanding of the mechanisms, biochemical characteristics and extent of functionality of fish gill, gut and liver tissues both in life and in culture.”
In 2011, according to the UK Government, almost 59,000 live fish were reported as being used in ecotoxicology studies in the UK. But strict government regulations mean the number of products that will require testing globally could potentially involve millions of live animals in coming years.
The technique developed in Plymouth does not use live animals, and scientists believe just a few fish could generate enough cells for the amount of testing required, with the added bonus that the spheroids last significantly longer than other samples created in the lab, and so can be used for more detailed experiments.
“We have already demonstrated that using fish liver cells maintains basic biochemical functions, can metabolise environmentally relevant contaminants and therefore has the potential to replace whole animal tests,” Professor Jha said. “Since billions of cells from several different organs can be harvested from a single fish, it means that far fewer fish will be used in research, and those that are will not be used directly in experiments.”
The three-year project commenced in March 2014 and research experiments will be conducted at the University in collaboration with AstraZeneca.