'Jali ardhi'

'Care for the Land' project
Offroad vehicle in arid plains of East Africa
Soil erosion can have a devastating impact on traditional farming landscapes in developing countries. But its effects can only be fully addressed through significant advances in interdisciplinary scientific and societal approaches. Our research has shown that traditional pastoralist communities – such as the Maasai in East Africa – are abundantly aware that climate change and intensive grazing are having a marked effect on the resources they rely on for survival.
But finding solutions is not an easy task. The communities face significant cultural and political barriers when it comes to implementing soil conservation measures, meaning that huge swathes of former pasture land are being lost or degraded.
Our research, published in Environmental Research Letters, suggests an interdisciplinary approach is the only way to secure real and lasting change. That includes engaging local communities to work together to see how they contribute to the problem and how they can have a significant role in solving it.
Research focussed on the East African Rift System of Tanzania, where soil erosion has created huge canyons in the heart of Maasai pastoral lands.
Working in collaboration with the local District Council and Maasai communities, our team conducted a series of field-based research including soil degradation surveys, lake and floodplain sediment coring, mapping with satellite imagery and evaluation of past aerial photographs.
We also completed a suite of interviews and workshops with community leaders, to understand the barriers to change, and worked together to look for opportunities to overcome them.
Longstanding community meeting places are becoming isolated by gully encroachment
While change is inevitable, it is imperative that cultural traditions do not disappear but remain part of the new landscape
Once the erosion sets in, it spreads rapidly. Here recently formed badlands are eating away at good grazing land

Disciplines involved in the present study, their interconnections and position in the soil erosion-land degradation-community resilience challenge.

Figure 1. Disciplines involved in the present study, their interconnections and position in the soil erosion-land degradation-community resilience challenge.
The research was led by Plymouth’s School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences , in conjunction with the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, University of Exeter, Schumacher College and the International Water Management Institute.
It also involved a collaboration with photojournalist Carey Marks , facilitated by Plymouth’s Sustainable Earth Institute as part of its Creative Associates programme, to develop a photographic documentation of the research project in action, a whiteboard animation and a soil erosion game.
The full study – Blake et Al: Soil erosion in East Africa: an interdisciplinary approach to realising pastoral land management change – is published in Environmental Research Letters, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aaea8b.

This project has shone a light on the many and varied challenges associated with soil erosion. But in developing a greater understanding of the issues in East Africa, we have also proposed an environmentally and socially sustainable solution that could be adapted in similar communities across the world. The devastating effects of soil erosion on Maasai lands are quite shocking to see. In recent decades, some parts of the Tanzanian Maasai landscape have witnessed an almost total destruction of the soil resource in many areas used for grazing of livestock. But these problems are certainly not restricted to East Africa and every year 12 million hectares of productive land are lost to soil erosion globally, with a third of all soils are currently thought to be degraded. Unless we take action now, communities who rely on the land for their survival will be left facing an increasingly uncertain future.

Will BlakeProfessor Will Blake
Professor of Catchment Science

Interdisciplinary research team:
  • University of Plymouth: Professor Will Blake (PI) (soil erosion), Professor Neil Roberts (environmental change), Professor Geoff Wilson (community resilience), Professor David Gilvear (river restoration) with Clare Kelly and Maarten Wynants (Research Fellows).
  • Exeter University: Anna Rabinovich (social psychology)
  • Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (Tanzania): Patrick Ndamideki, Linus Munishi and Kelvin Mtei (agricultural science)
Supported by project partners:
  • Schumacher College (applied ecological design and cultural anthropology).
  • International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Nile Basin and East Africa Office, Ethiopia.
  • The wider EC Horizon 2020 IMIXSED project scientific team
Photography