University of Plymouth honorary doctorates

A list of honorary awards made by the University of Plymouth
Amanda Chessell receiving her honorary doctorate, 2013

Amanda Chessell receiving her honorary doctorate, 2013

Every year the University of Plymouth awards honorary doctorates to individuals in recognition of achievement in their field. Listed below are the honorary doctorates awarded from 1992 to the present.
Professor Sir Chris Whitty Chief Medical Officer for England. Graduation on Plymouth Hoe. 
Professor Sir Chris Whitty, 2021
Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, Honorary doctorate 2014
Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, 2014
Maggie Steed, honorary doctorate, 2017
Maggie Steed, 2017
Koji Sekimizu, Honorary Doctorate, 2015
Koji Sekimizu, 2015
Angela Rippon, honorary doctorate, 2012
Angela Rippon OBE, 2012

2024
  • Dame Darcey Bussell DBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Dr Andrew Douglas Garrad CBE FREng, Doctor of Science
  • Sarah Kenny OBE, Doctor of Science
  • David Peter Loosley, Doctor of Science
  • Paul Ian Rose, Doctor of Science
  • Timothy David Taylor BA, Doctor of Arts

2023
  • Sir Roger Alexander Deakins CBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Colin Irwin John Hamilton Drummond OBE DL, Doctor of Business
  • Dame Suzi Leather DBE MBE DL, Doctor of Health
  • Professor Shijun Liao, Doctor of Engineering
  • Sir Michael Morpurgo OBE FRSL FKC, Doctor of Letters
  • Philip Jonathan Clifford Mould OBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Captain Mohd Salleh Ahmad Sarwan, Honorary Fellow
  • Dame Judith Weir CBE, Doctor of Music
  • Duncan John Wingham, Kt., PhD, Doctor of Science

2022
  • Vice Admiral Andrew Burns CB OBE, Doctor of Science
  • Mr Paul Fletcher FBCS, Honorary Fellow
  • Professor Anthony Gachanja BSc, MSc, PhD, FRSC, Doctor of Science
  • Mrs Lindsey Hall, Honorary Fellow
  • Dame Shan Morgan DCMG, Doctor of Business
  • Commodore Ian Shipperley CBE CEng FIMechE, Honorary Fellow
  • Sir Henry William Studholme Bt, DL, MA(Cantab), FCA , CTA, Doctor of Science
  • Dato' Seri Dr Michael Tio, Doctor of Business

2021
  • Dame Julia Elizabeth King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge DBE FREng FRS, Doctor of Engineering
  • Charles Peregrine Courtenay, 19th Earl of Devon, Doctor of Arts
  • Professor Sir Chris Whitty CB DSc FRCP FFPH FMedSci, Doctor of Medicine
  • Rear Admiral Nigel Guild CB FREng, Doctor of Engineering
  • Philippe Pierre Jacques-Yves Arnaud Cousteau, Doctor of Science
  • The Rt Hon Lord Etherton PC Kt MA LLM LL.D (Hon), Doctor of Laws
  • Professor Richard John Ibbetson BDS MSc FDS RCS (Eng) FDS RCS (Ed) FFD RCSI FRCA, Doctor of Dentistry
  • Professor Sir Ian Lamont Boyd BSc PhD DSc FRSB FRSE, Doctor of Science
  • The Rt Revd & Rt Hon Dame Sarah Mullally DBE, Doctor of Health
  • Vice Admiral Keith Blount CB OBE FRAeS, Doctor of Business
  • Gina Connelly CMgr FCMI, Honorary Fellow

2019
  • Stephen Melville Criddle OBE, Doctor of Education
  • Professor Dame Sally C Davies FRS FMedSci, Doctor of Medicine
  • Professor Gary R. Hunt BSc, PhD, Doctor of Engineering
  • Professor Stephen de Mora, PhD, Doctor of Science

2018
  • Professor John Gregory Bligh BSc MBChB MMEd MA MD FRCGP FAcadMedEd (Hons), Doctor of Medicine
  • Christopher Terence Garcia BSc CA CCIPD, Doctor of Business
  • Dr Rita Ann Moden Gardner CBE BSc DPhil FAcSS, Doctor of Science
  • Andrew Tyler, CBE FREng, Doctor of Engineering
  • Dr SBA Willis MA, PhD, FRHistS, FSA, Doctor of Arts
  • Professor Nairn Hutchison Fulton Wilson CBE PhD FDS FFGDP(UK) DRD FKC, Doctor of Dentistry

2017
  • Mary Clarke CBE, Doctor of Health
  • Professor Patrick Gane, Doctor of Science
  • Robert Hartsook, Doctor of Business
  • Dr Sara Hurley, Doctor of Health
  • Simon Ible, Honorary Fellow
  • James Marsh, Doctor of Arts
  • Panagiotis Pikrammenos, Doctor of Laws
  • Maggie Steed, Doctor of Arts

2016
  • Professor Elizabeth G Armstrong PhD, Doctor of Medicine
  • Mark Hopwood, Doctor of Business
  • Adrian Christopher Joseph, Doctor of Business
  • Dr Liz Redfern CBE, Doctor of Health
  • Professor Stephen Sparks CBE, Doctor of Science
  • Mitch Tonks, Doctor of Business
  • Brian Webb, Doctor of Arts
  • Ken Wenman, Doctor of Health

2015
  • Jeannette Adu-Bobie, Doctor of Business
  • Philip Austin, Doctor of Business
  • Philip Aubrey Beer (Show of Hands), Doctor of Music
  • Dr Diane Coyle OBE, Doctor of Letters
  • David William Dodd, Doctor of Education
  • Professor Timothy Ian Eglinton, Doctor of Science
  • Stephen Lewis Hindley CBE DL, Doctor of Business
  • Weththinge Jinadasa, Doctor of Business
  • Roland Tan Keng Hock, Doctor of Business
  • Rear Admiral Ben Key, Doctor of Technology
  • Stephen Andrew Knightley (Show of Hands), Doctor of Music
  • Professor Edward Chen Kwan-yiu GBS, CBE, Hon.D.Soc.Sc., Hon.D.Litt., JP, Doctor of Education
  • Andy McNab DCM MM, Doctor of Arts
  • Alice Oswald, Doctor of Arts
  • Tony Potter, Doctor of Business
  • Captain T.S Prasad Mani, Doctor of Business
  • Lewis William Gordon Pugh, Doctor of Science
  • Professor Elizabeth Robb OBE JP, Doctor of Health
  • Koji Sekimizu, Doctor of Business
  • Timothy Seymour Macartney, Doctor of Education
  • Dr Graham Stirling CBE, Doctor of Business
  • Miranda Judith Sykes (Show of Hands), Doctor of Music
  • Stephen Tetlow MBE MSc MBA CEng FIMechE, Doctor of Engineering
  • John Thackara, Doctor of Arts

2014
  • Honourable Dullas Daham Kumara Alahapperuma, Doctor of Education
  • Dr Barry Michael Cockcroft CBE, Doctor of Dentistry
  • Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, Doctor of Business
  • Professor Jane Francis, Doctor of Environmental Science
  • Professor Zetian Fu, Doctor of Education
  • Alan Hart, Doctor of Education
  • Ann James, Doctor of Health
  • Sir Robin Knox-Johnston, Doctor of Science
  • Professor Parveen Kumar CBE, Doctor of Medicine
  • Anita Lightstone, Doctor of Health
  • Dave Linnell OBE, Doctor of Education
  • Julian Lloyd-Webber, Doctor of Music
  • Michael Pearson, Doctor of Business
  • The Hon Olga Polizzi Di Sorrentini CBE, Doctor of Business
  • Wayne Sleep OBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Simon Stokes, Doctor of Arts
  • Roger Taylor, Doctor of Music
  • Dr Yvonne Thompson CBE, Doctor of Business
  • Peter Vosper, Doctor of Business

2013
  • Kate Adie OBE, Doctor of Letters
  • Sheikha Al-Thani, Doctor of Business
  • Prince Albert II of Monaco, Doctor of Science
  • Lord Baker, Doctor of Education
  • Michael Ball, Doctor of Arts
  • Stephen Ball, Doctor of Science
  • John Bird MBE, Doctor of Business
  • Adam Boulton, Doctor of Business
  • Nick Buckland OBE, Doctor of Technology
  • Amanda Chessell, Doctor of Science
  • Baroness Christine Crawley, Doctor of Health
  • Gilbert and George, Doctor of Arts
  • Sir Kenneth Grange CBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Sir Anthony Holland, Doctor of Laws
  • Tony Juniper, Doctor of Science
  • Wayne McGregor CBE, Doctor of Science
  • Rt Reverend Nick McKinnel, Doctor of Theology
  • Benjamin Mee, Doctor of Science
  • Senator Therese Murray, Doctor of Health
  • Doug Richard, Doctor of Business

2012
  • Professor Sally Brown, Doctor of Education
  • Dennis Denholm, Doctor of Education
  • Mr David Dingle CBE, Doctor of Business
  • Ms Viv Gillespie, Doctor of Education
  • Professor Christianne Glossop, Doctor of Science
  • Robin Hanbury-Tenison OBE DL Dhc MA FLS FRGS, Doctor of Science
  • Christopher Irwin, Doctor of Business
  • Mr Eugene Kaspersky, Doctor of Science
  • Baroness Helena Kennedy QC FRSA, Doctor of Laws
  • Jaime Lerner, Doctor of Arts
  • Mr Chris Murray, Doctor of Business
  • Mr John Nettles OBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Philip Parry, Doctor of Business
  • Douglas Perkins, Doctor of Health
  • Dame Mary Perkins, Doctor of Health
  • HRH The Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh, Doctor of Marine Science
  • Professor Phil Race, Doctor of Education
  • Angela Rippon OBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Professor Sir Peter Rubin, Doctor of Medicine
  • Professor Edward Sallis OBE, Doctor of Education
  • Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope GCB OBE ADC, Doctor of Science
  • Mr Adrian Vinken OBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Mr Charles Wace, Doctor of Business
  • Professor Mary Watkins, Doctor of Health
  • Mr Denis Wilkins, Doctor of Medicine
  • Professor Sir Tim Wilson DL, Doctor of Education

2011
  • Ken Beecham, Doctor of Business
  • Christopher Bishop, Master of Business
  • Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones, Doctor of Business
  • Dr Anthony Falconer, Doctor of Science
  • Sir Ranulph Fiennes Bt OBE, Doctor of Science
  • Jim French CBE, Doctor of Business
  • Dame Margaret Fry DBE, Doctor of Health
  • Mrs Linda Gilroy, Doctor of Business
  • Professor Sue Hill OBE, Doctor of Science
  • Mr Chris Hines MBE, Doctor of Science
  • Mr Tim Jones, Doctor of Business
  • Mrs Mary King, Doctor of Science
  • Brian MacArthur, Doctor of Arts
  • Michael Mack, Doctor of Arts
  • Russell Maliphant, Doctor of Arts
  • Melody Mason, Doctor of Business
  • David McKee, Doctor of Arts
  • The Very Reverend Jonathan Meyrick, Doctor of Education
  • Mr Patrick Kevin Philip Moore (Philip Hoare), Doctor of Arts
  • Ms Sara Murray, Doctor of Business
  • Noel Olsen, Doctor of Health
  • Sir John Parker FREng, Doctor of Engineering
  • Dr Marion Elizabeth Reid, Doctor of Science
  • Phillip Schofield, Doctor of Arts
  • Professor Sir Adrian F M Smith FRS, Doctor of Science
  • Professor David Southwood, Doctor of Science
  • Jill Stein, Doctor of Business
  • Professor Michael Walker OBE, Doctor of Technology
  • Ellen Winser, Doctor of Business
  • Bai Zhangde, Doctor of Business

2010
  • Richard Dion Bayly, Doctor of Business
  • Dame Christine Joan Beasley DBE, Doctor of Science
  • Matthew Christopher Bourne OBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Jonathan Burnett OBE, Doctor of Education
  • Eric Dancer CBE JP, Doctor of Business
  • Roma French, Doctor of Health
  • Christopher Gates, Doctor of Business
  • Andrew Graham-Dixon, Doctor of Arts
  • Jane Elisabeth Henderson CB, Doctor of Business
  • Tom Henderson OBE, Doctor of Business
  • Lady Mary Christina Holborow DCVO, Doctor of Business
  • Thelma Holt CBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Carleen Tina Kelemen, Doctor of Business
  • Lord Jonathan Kestenbaum, Doctor of Technology
  • Freddie Knox, Doctor of Humanities
  • Heather Rose Maxwell OBE, Doctor of Education
  • Sheikh Mubarak Ali Yousuf Suoud Al-Sabah, Doctor of Science
  • Dr Michael John Powers QC, Doctor of Laws
  • Mary Eleanor Quicke MBE, Doctor of Science
  • David John Spiegelhalter FRS OBE, Doctor of Science
  • Alastair Stewart OBE, Doctor of Letters
  • Richard Francis Strawbridge MBE FRSA, Doctor of Science
  • Simon Jonathan Tonge, Doctor of Science
  • Professor Sir John Edward Tooke, Doctor of Science

2009
  • Marina Abramovic, Doctor of Arts
  • Nigel Ashcroft, Doctor of Technology
  • Sir Martin Best Harris CBE, Doctor of Education
  • Thomas Paul Richard Bloxham MBE, Doctor of Business
  • Barbara Ann Bond MBE, Doctor of Science
  • Michael Douglas Carr, Doctor of Technology
  • Juliet Sarah Davenport, Doctor of Science
  • Rebecca Hosking, Doctor of Science
  • Charles Howeson, Doctor of Management
  • Anthony Kingdom, Doctor of Arts
  • Seth Bernard Lakeman, Doctor of Music
  • Yukio Ninagawa, Doctor of Arts
  • Rupert Nigel Pendrill Hadow, Doctor of Science
  • Nick Ryan, Doctor of Music
  • Bernard Samuels, Doctor of Arts
  • Suzanne Sparrow, Doctor of Education
  • Howard Watkyn Jones, Doctor of Arts
  • Guy Watson, Doctor of Laws

2008
  • Commodore Martin Alabaster, Doctor of Technology
  • Liz Beaty, Doctor of Education
  • Sir Iain Chalmers, Doctor of Science
  • Professor Adrian Gale, Doctor of Arts
  • Rear Admiral Richard Ibbotson, Doctor of Technology
  • Rear Admiral Simon Lister, Doctor of Technology
  • Muse, Doctor of Arts
  • Mr Parry Oei, Doctor of Science
  • Alison Scott, Doctor of Education
  • Sally Wilcox, Doctor of Technology

2007
  • Clive Neil Stewart Barton, Doctor of Education
  • John Butler, Doctor of Arts
  • Dr Keith Leslie Duff, Doctor of Science
  • Matthew Goulish, Doctor of Arts
  • Lin Hixson, Doctor of Arts
  • Richard Lees, Doctor of Education
  • Beth Levinsky, Doctor of Arts
  • Professor Alvin Augustus Lucier Jnr, Doctor of Arts
  • Jonathon Porritt CBE, Doctor of Laws
  • The Rt Hon Lord Kingsland QC Christopher James Prout, Doctor of Laws
  • Alan Stanhope, Doctor of Education
  • Christopher Tanner, Doctor of Arts
  • James Tanner, Doctor of Arts

2006
  • Ms Lea Anderson MBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Ms Iwona Blazwick, Doctor of Philosophy
  • Professor Gavin Bryars, Doctor of Arts
  • Dr Fritjof Capra, Doctor of Science
  • Mr Tim Etchells, Doctor of Arts
  • Dr Christopher Alexander Fleming, Doctor of Engineering
  • Ms Gerardine Hemingway, Doctor of Arts
  • Mr Michael Ernest Lloyd, Doctor of Laws
  • Mary Jane Long, Doctor of Philosophy
  • Dr Terry Melia CBE, Doctor of Education
  • Blake Morrison, Doctor of Philosophy
  • Sir Brian Gerald Pearse, Doctor of Laws

2005
  • David Bailey, Doctor of Arts
  • Eugenio Barba, Doctor of Arts
  • Peter Fookes, Doctor of Science
  • Dr Dennis Ernest Gilbert CBE, Doctor of Technology
  • Conrad Humphreys, Master of Science
  • Rob La Frenais, Doctor of Arts
  • Sir Michael Gillam Lickiss, Doctor of Education
  • Kevin McCloud, Doctor of Arts
  • His Honour Judge William Taylor, Doctor of Laws
  • David Trueman, Master of Science
  • John Charles Crisfield Warren, Doctor of Arts
  • Judith Wilcox, Doctor of Science
  • Professor Edward Conrad Wragg, Doctor of Education

2004
  • Dr Jack Percival Baker Dobbs, Doctor of Music
  • Professor Alexander Goehr, Doctor of Music
  • Alan Roger Harper, Master of Engineering
  • David John Iley, Master of Science
  • David Mackay, Doctor of Arts
  • Derek O'Neill, Master of Science
  • Michael John David Westbrook OBE, Doctor of Music

2003
  • Sir Brian Harry Bailey KT OBE, Doctor of Laws
  • Mary Susan Bartlett, Master of Arts
  • Roger John Bull CBE, Doctor of Letters
  • Catherine Caldwell OBE, Master of Science
  • Dr Fritjof Capra, Doctor of Science
  • Sir Neil Chalmers, Doctor of Science
  • Alfred Peter Cox OBE, Doctor of Arts
  • Peter Michael Collinson Stevens, Doctor of Science
  • Sir Marrack Goulding, Doctor of Letters
  • Dr Richard C Scrivener, Doctor of Science
  • Harold Silver, Doctor of Education
  • Paul Wilson, Master of Arts

2002
  • John Amis, Doctor of Music
  • John Cartledge, Master of Science
  • David John Moore Cornwell, Doctor of Arts
  • Tacita Charlotte Dean, Doctor of Arts
  • Guardino Ricardo Carlo Francesco, Master of Education
  • John Lloyd Maunder, Master of Science
  • Michael Andrew Bridge Morpurgo MBE, Doctor of Education
  • Dorothy Jennifer Nias, Doctor of Education
  • Sue Norman, Doctor of Science
  • Victor Phillip Parsons MBE, Doctor of Technology
  • Richard John Pentreath, Doctor of Science
  • Michael Edward Richards, Doctor of Letters
  • Maria Rospigliosi-Pallavalini, Honorary Master of Education
  • James Samuel Younger, Doctor of Law

2001
  • Dr Sheila Anne Cassidy, Doctor of Medicine
  • Michael Edward Scott Dart, Master of Science
  • Charles Michael Gillett, Doctor of Science
  • Geoffrey Wallace Hearnden, Master of Science
  • Ewart Morien Johns, Doctor of Arts
  • Sir John Krebs, Doctor of Science
  • Lesley Katherine Pring, Master of Arts
  • Elizabeth Sigmund, Doctor of Science
  • Sir Crispin Tickell, Doctor of Science

2000
  • Alan David Baddeley CBE, Doctor of Science
  • Marianne De Trey, Doctor of Arts
  • Stephen Douglas Howe, Doctor of Arts
  • Satish Kumar, Doctor of Education
  • Geoffrey Martin, Doctor of Science
  • Philip David Alexander McMillan Browse, Doctor of Science
  • Frank Oldfield, Doctor of Science
  • Thomas Pearse Lyons, Doctor of Science
  • Dr Frederick William Sherrell, Doctor of Science
  • Tony Soper, Doctor of Science
  • Professor James Tenney, Doctor of Music
  • Michael Whitfield, Doctor of Science

1999
  • Wilhelmina Barns-Graham, Doctor of Arts
  • David Reginald Beaugeard, Doctor of Arts
  • P S P Brook, Doctor of Arts
  • Professor Denys Brunsden, Doctor of Science
  • Professor Robert Thomas Clement OBE, Doctor of Education
  • Anthony Alan Gibson, Master of Science
  • Kirsti Pirkko Kumpulainen, Master of Education
  • Robert Oskar Lenkiewicz, Doctor of Arts
  • Anthony Grahame Potter, Master of Science
  • Sir Ghillean Tolmie Prance, Doctor of Science
  • Peter Randall-Page, Doctor of Arts
  • Rachel Mary Thomas CBE, Doctor of Science

1998
  • Peter Bastion, Doctor of Science
  • Henry Bayly Guest, Doctor of Letters
  • Phoebe Beer, Doctor of Science
  • Michael Foreman, Doctor of Arts
  • Edward Patrick Gallagher, Doctor of Science
  • Lesley Garrett, Doctor of Arts
  • Ernest George Hoare, Master of Arts
  • Alan Lyle Gray, Doctor of Science
  • Sir Terence Ernest Manitou Frost, Doctor of Arts
  • Dr Jonathan Miller CBE, Doctor of Letters
  • Christopher John Moon MBE, Master of Science
  • David Cameron Morrell OBE, Doctor of Medicine
  • Dr Clive Nicholas, Doctor of Science
  • John Graham Pontin, Master of Arts
  • Geoffrey William Potts, Doctor of Science
  • Tim Smit, Master of Science
  • Malcolm Trevor Deere, Doctor of Arts
  • Jeanette Elizabeth Webber, Doctor of Science

1997
  • James Cairns Boston MBE, Doctor of Science
  • Kenneth Carter, Doctor of Arts
  • Crispin John Alexander Derby, Master of Arts
  • Frederick Michael Everard CBE, Doctor of Science
  • Bernard Frowd OBE, Master of Arts
  • Peter John Goss , Doctor of Science
  • Stanley Greenfield, Doctor of Science
  • Edwin Howarth MBE, Master of Engineering
  • Sisir Kumar Dey MBE, Master of Arts
  • Samuel James Messick, Doctor of Science
  • Christopher John Sparrow, Doctor of Letters
  • Leslie Richardson, Master of Arts
  • John Douglas Surman, Doctor of Music

1996
  • Dr David Edgeworth Butler CBE, Doctor of Laws
  • Dr Basil Jack Greenhill, Doctor of Letters
  • John Lancaster Jemmett, Master of Science
  • Dr William John Price, Doctor of Science
  • Allan Edgeworth Smith, Master of Arts
  • George Frederick Williams, Master of Science

1995
  • Nigel Beresford Eares Beale, Doctor of Music
  • Sir Walter Fred Bodmer, Doctor of Science
  • Sir Hermann Bondi, Doctor of Technology
  • Alistair Dougal Couper, Doctor of Science
  • Major Basil Curtis, Master of Arts
  • Professor Ian Dews Mercer, Doctor of Science
  • Sir Robert Charles Finch Hill, Doctor of Technology
  • Ronald Crispin Gill OBE, Master of Arts
  • Francis David Langhorne Astor, Doctor of Letters
  • Alan James Macfarlane, Doctor of Science
  • Harold Edward Rexworthy, Master of Arts
  • Brian George Sanders, Doctor of Arts
  • Dr Helen Sharman, Doctor of Technology
  • Professor Roger John Wilkins, Doctor of Science

1994
  • Chay Blythe, Doctor of Technology
  • Dr Raymond Edward Christal, Doctor of Science
  • Professor Martyn Graham Farley, Doctor of Science
  • John David Handford, Doctor of Letters
  • Vice Admiral Sir Louis Edward Stewart Holland Le Bailly, Doctor of Science
  • Professor Jan Hron, Doctor of Science
  • Josie Lawrence, Doctor of Arts
  • Professor John Rex, Doctor of Science
  • Michael Shillito Trevelyan Dower, Doctor of Science
  • Brian William Mansell OBE, Doctor of Technology
  • Marina Warner, Doctor of Letters
  • Karl Martin Weschke, Doctor of Arts

1993
  • Charles Arthur Ansell, Doctor of Science
  • Gordon Burn, Doctor of Letters
  • Brian Eno, Doctor of Technology
  • Sir Robert William Frank Gerken, Doctor of Science
  • Sir William Frederick Glock, Doctor of Music
  • Dr John Raymond Lawrence, Doctor of Science
  • Trevor McDonald OBE, Doctor of Letters
  • Ralph Vernon Morrell, Doctor of Laws
  • Nick Serota, Doctor of Arts
  • Posy Simmonds, Doctor of Arts
  • Edwin Barrie Stephens, Doctor of Science
  • Sir William Taylor CBE, Doctor of Education
  • Peter James Winterbottom, Doctor of Science

1992
  • John Anderson, Doctor of Science
  • Dame Janet Fookes, Doctor of Letters
  • Rt Hon Michael Foot, Doctor of Letters
  • Lord David Owen, Doctor of Letters